It is the fourth-largest state by area, the eighth-least populous state, and the third-least densely populated state. The Indian Education for All Act was passed in 1999 to provide funding for this mandate and ensure implementation. The court hears cases arising under the Montana Workers' Compensation Act and is the court of original jurisdiction for reviews of orders and regulations issued by the Montana Department of Labor and Industry. [138] Montana also claims the disputed title of possessing the world's shortest river, the Roe River, just outside Great Falls. [203], Montana's Hispanic population is concentrated in the Billings area in south-central Montana, where many of Montana's Mexican-Americans have been in the state for generations. [306] In 1914, Montana granted women the vote. Montana Old West Ghost Towns Private VIP Tour - From West Yellowstone MT 2 Bus Tours from $350.00 per adult Indy 650 Snowmobile Rental 7 Rentals from $199.00 per group (up to 2) Combo: Scenic Drive & 2hr Snowshoeing Tour in Glacier National Park 2 Adventure Tours from $375.00 per adult (price varies by group size) Top Attractions in Montana See all [239] Another early subscription school was started by Thomas Dimsdale in Virginia City in 1863. The southern third of the Bitterroot range blends into the Continental Divide. She was a 25-year-old woman who had traveled to Virginia City via wagon train in 1865. Montana: Directed by Jennifer Leitzes. Montana has thousands of named rivers and creeks,[119] 450 miles (720km) of which are known for "blue-ribbon" trout fishing. Yes, it certainly is for those looking for wide open spaces and easy access to natural wonders like the Rocky Mountains and Glacier National Park, Montana can be the ideal place to raise a family or to start your educational Journey at Montana State University in beautiful Bozeman. [162] The Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks manages fishing and hunting seasons for at least 17 species of game fish, including seven species of trout, walleye, and smallmouth bass[163] and at least 29 species of game birds and animals including ring-neck pheasant, grey partridge, elk, pronghorn antelope, mule deer, whitetail deer, gray wolf, and bighorn sheep.[164]. The wheat farms in eastern Montana make the state a major producer; the wheat has a relatively high protein content, thus commands premium prices. Conversely, air flow from the southwest results in "chinooks". During World War II, the planned battleship USS Montana was named in honor of the state but it was never completed. 1 bath. [16] Until the Oregon Treaty of 1846, land west of the continental divide was disputed between the British and U.S. governments and was known as the Oregon Country. A part of southeastern Montana was used as a corridor between the Crows and the related Hidatsas in North Dakota. On the eastern (leeward) side of a mountain range, the valleys are much drier; Lonepine averages 11.45 inches (291mm), and Deer Lodge 11.00 inches (279mm) of precipitation. The governor is Greg Gianforte, a Republican elected in 2020. Email agent. [23] While the treaty established what later became the Flathead Indian Reservation, trouble with interpreters and confusion over the terms of the treaty led Whites to believe the Bitterroot Valley was opened to settlement, but the tribal nations disputed those provisions. [21] The Montana Historical Society, founded on February 2, 1865, in Virginia City, is the oldest such institution west of the Mississippi (excluding Louisiana). Evelyn Cameron, a naturalist and photographer from Terry documented early 20th-century life on the Montana prairie, taking startlingly clear pictures of everything around her: cowboys, sheepherders, weddings, river crossings, freight wagons, people working, badlands, eagles, coyotes and wolves. Primarily rural, Montana is home to national parks, miles of open country, an abundance of wildlife and spectacular scenery. Montanas land area is 145,545 square miles. Its size is comparable to countries such as Norway, Zimbabwe, and Japan. The Democratic Party's strength in the state is gained from support among unionized miners and railroad workers, while farmers generally vote Republican. Montanas Official Tourism, Travel & Vacation Info Site If the horizon was endless, where would you go? The closest commercial service airport is the Billings-Logan International Airport located at 1901 Terminal Cir, Billings, Montana 59105. [271], Montana has been a destination for its world-class trout fisheries since the 1930s. [297][298] Montana's largest circulating daily city newspapers are the Billings Gazette (circulation 39,405), Great Falls Tribune (26,733), and Missoulian (25,439).[299]. Montana is a mountainous, landlocked US state east of the Bitterroot Range of the Rocky Mountains and south of Canada. Pressure over land ownership and control increased due to discoveries of gold in various parts of Montana and surrounding states. [49] Homesteaders arriving in this period were known as "Honyockers", or "scissorbills". [87] Due to the configuration of mountain ranges in Glacier National Park, the Northern Divide (which begins in Alaska's Seward Peninsula)[88] crosses this region and turns east in Montana at Triple Divide Peak. Job openings are down from 2,919 in 2022 to 2,700 in 2023, but there are still more openings than in 2021. [10] The name Montana was added in 1863 to a bill by the United States House Committee on Territories (chaired at the time by James Ashley of Ohio) for the territory that would become Idaho Territory. [204] Today, the Missoula area has a large Hmong population[205] and the nearly 3,000 Montanans who claim Filipino ancestry are the largest Asian-American group in the state. Federal courts in Montana include the United States District Court for the District of Montana and the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of Montana. Montana has no official nickname but several unofficial ones, most notably "Big Sky Country", "The Treasure State", "Land of the Shining Mountains", and "The Last Best Place". Montana: Directed by Jennifer Leitzes. However, since 1889 the state has voted for Democratic governors 60 percent of the time, and Republican governors 40 percent of the time. Pioneering feminist author, film-maker, and media personality Mary MacLane attained international fame in 1902 with her memoir of three months in her life in Butte, The Story of Mary MacLane. Montana is a state in the United States. The richest of all gold placer diggings was discovered at Alder Gulch, where the town of Virginia City was established. Montana has quickly become a coveted travel destination. The Anaconda Copper Company, which was at its historic peak of copper production,[64] was an extremely powerful force in Montana, but it also faced criticism and opposition from socialist newspapers and unions struggling to make gains for their members. In 1909, Congress passed the Enlarged Homestead Act that expanded the amount of free land from 160 to 320 acres (0.6 to 1.3km2) per family and in 1912 reduced the time to "prove up" on a claim to three years. The lone congressional district has been Republican since 1996, and its Class 2 Senate seat has been held by Republican Steve Daines since 2014. Still, there are some spots that stand out. It also applies to "luxuries"- defined by law as any item normally sold to the public or to transient visitors or tourists that does not include food purchased unprepared or unserved, medicine, medical supplies and services, appliances, hardware supplies and tools, or any necessities of life. Is Montana a good place to live? It allowed the legislature to increase the number of justices by two, which the legislature did in 1979. Everyone wants the money and As of August2021[update], the state's unemployment rate is 3.5%.[237]. Forests cover about 25% of the state. Painter and sculptor Charles Marion Russell, known as "the cowboy artist", created more than 2,000 paintings of cowboys, Native Americans, and landscapes set in the Western United States and in Alberta, Canada. [90][125] The Pend Oreille River forms the outflow of Lake Pend Oreille. Both members, however, were still elected at-large. Stemming from multiple treaties and federal legislation, including the Indian Appropriations Act (1851), the Dawes Act (1887), and the Indian Reorganization Act (1934), seven Indian reservations, encompassing 11 federally recognized tribal nations, were created in Montana. However, the railroad played a major role in sparking tensions with Native American tribes in the 1870s. Most of the larger cities get 30 to 50 inches or 0.76 to 1.27 meters of snow each year. Contents 1 Indigenous peoples 2 Louisiana Purchase 3 Lewis and Clark Expedition 4 First settlements 5 Military history 5.1 Fort Benton 5.2 Fort Ellis 5.3 Fort Shaw 6 Montana Territory 7 Indian Wars 7.1 Battle of the Little Big Horn 7.2 Northern Cheyenne exodus [212] The state was sued in 2004 because of lack of funding, and the state has increased its support of the program. The Montana Supreme Court is the court of last resort in the Montana court system. [144] It is the longest undammed, free-flowing river in the contiguous United States,[145][146] and drains about a quarter of Montana (36,000 square miles (93,000km2)). However, there are also a number of vibrant cities with a flair for cowboy culture. Pulitzer Prize winner Wallace Earle Stegner from Great Falls was often called "The Dean of Western Writers". There have also been long-term shifts in party control. However, the grizzly bear and Canadian lynx are listed as a threatened species only for the mainland 48 states. Population (2020) 1,084,225. These lands are managed by the state for the benefit of public schools and institutions in the state. The smaller Pend d'Oreille and Kalispel tribes lived near Flathead Lake and the western mountains, respectively. Everyone wants the money and View Montana Towns By Population. Montana is the sixth coldest state in the nation and the eastern section of big sky country sees the chilliest winter temps. Historically, Republicans are strongest in the east, while Democrats are strongest in the west. [12] Cox complained that the name was a misnomer given that most of the territory was not mountainous and thought a Native American name would be more appropriate than a Spanish one. Note: Births in table do not add up, because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number. In the 2008 presidential election, Montana was considered a swing state and was ultimately won by Republican John McCain by a narrow margin of two percent.[324]. [228] In 2014, 30% of the population was irreligious, and in 2020's separate study, 34% of the population were irreligious. [303][304], Montana is governed by a constitution. 1675 Montana Highway 206, Columbia Falls, MT 59912. [12] Other names, such as Shoshone, were suggested, but the Committee on Territories decided that they had discretion to choose the name, so the original name of Montana was adopted. [73], In the post-World War II Cold War era, Montana became host to U.S. Air Force Military Air Transport Service (1947) for airlift training in C-54 Skymasters and eventually, in 1953 Strategic Air Command air and missile forces were based at Malmstrom Air Force Base in Great Falls. They say it will stay with you forever. [89] It causes the Waterton River, Belly, and Saint Mary rivers to flow north into Alberta, Canada. A 12th nation, the Little Shell Chippewa is a "landless" people headquartered in Great Falls; it is recognized by the state of Montana, but not by the U.S. government. network. Montana's teacher shortage has improved from the 2021-22 school year. [199] Of Montana's 20 largest cities, Polson (15.7%), Havre (13.0%), Great Falls (5.0%), Billings (4.4%), and Anaconda (3.1%) had the greatest percentages of Native American residents in 2010. Each court member served a six-year term. [323] The state last supported a Democrat for president in 1992, when Bill Clinton won a plurality victory. [86] The front is most pronounced in the Lewis Range, located primarily in Glacier National Park. [56] As a result, farm sizes increased while the number of farms decreased. Every gift, no matter the size, helps Montana State fulfill its land grant mission and provides unparalleled educational opportunities for future generations. [85], The divide's northern section, where the mountains rapidly give way to prairie, is part of the Rocky Mountain Front. Its capital is Helena. Many individuals claiming conscientious objector status from throughout the U.S. were sent to Montana during the war as smokejumpers and for other forest fire-fighting duties.[70]. Experts estimate that around 13million bison roamed Montana in 1870. The Montana Supreme Court has the authority to declare acts of the legislature and executive unconstitutional under either the Montana or U.S. constitutions. The first constitution was drafted by a constitutional convention in 1889, in preparation for statehood. Montana and Canada share a 545-mile part of the worlds longest undefended (which means there are no soldiers or armies on either side) border. New - 6 hours ago. Montana (/ m n t n / ()) is a state in the Mountain West division of the Western United States.It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, and the Canadian provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan to the north. Montana currently has 129 active incorporated municipalities, of which 76 are towns, 51 are cities and 2 are consolidated city and county governments. [17] In 1847, Fort Benton was built as the uppermost fur-trading post on the Missouri River. [287] In 2013, AARP The Magazine named the Billings Clinic one of the safest hospitals in the United States. For Sale. The Montana Senate is, as of 2021, controlled by Republicans 31 to 19, and the House of Representatives is currently 67 to 33. [240] The Montana Territorial Legislative Assembly had its inaugural meeting in 1864. Is Montana a good place to live? New - 6 hours ago. In 1985, the Montana Legislature passed a law allowing towns with fewer than 5,500 residents and unincorporated communities with fewer than 2,500 to levy a resort tax if more than half the community's income came from tourism. Approximately 63% of all Native people live off the reservations, concentrated in the larger Montana cities, with the largest concentration of urban Indians in Great Falls. District Courts have the authority to enforce decisions of the Water Court, but only the Montana Supreme Court has the authority to review decisions of the Water Court. [153] Other major reservoirs include Hungry Horse on the Flathead River; Lake Koocanusa on the Kootenai River; Lake Elwell on the Marias River; Clark Canyon on the Beaverhead River; Yellowtail on the Bighorn River, Canyon Ferry, Hauser, Holter, Rainbow; and Black Eagle on the Missouri River. The nearby city of Helena, also founded as a mining camp, had a similar mix in addition to a small Chinatown. Montanas Official Tourism, Travel & Vacation Info Site If the horizon was endless, where would you go? From 1968 through 1988, the state was dominated by the Democratic Party, with Democratic governors for a 20-year period, and a Democratic majority of both the national congressional delegation and during many sessions of the state legislature. The Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation manages 5,200,000 acres (21,000km2) of School Trust Land ceded by the federal government under the Land Ordinance of 1785 to the state in 1889 when Montana was granted statehood. For other uses, see, "Big Sky Country" redirects here. [199] The state's Native American population grew by 27.9% between 1980 and 1990 (at a time when Montana's entire population rose 1.6%),[199] and by 18.5 percent between 2000 and 2010. Trapping of assorted fur-bearing animals is allowed in certain seasons and many opportunities exist for migratory waterfowl and upland bird hunting. [41] In the 1880s, Helena (the state capital) had more millionaires per capita than any other United States city. [210] South Dakota passed similar legislation in 2007, and Wisconsin was working to strengthen its own program based on this modeland the current practices of Montana's schools. Historically, the state was traversed by the main lines of three eastwest transcontinental routes: the Milwaukee Road, the Great Northern, and the Northern Pacific. [44] Some farmers came with the arrival of the Great Northern and Northern Pacific Railroads throughout the 1880s and 1890s, though in relatively small numbers. [165], Areas managed by the National Park Service include:[166], Montana is a large state with considerable variation in geography, topography and elevation, and the climate is equally varied. [182], Montana has one city, Billings, with a population over 100,000; and three cities with populations over 50,000: Missoula, Great Falls and Bozeman. Montana has the largest grizzly bear population in the lower 48 states. Highway 212, the primary paved route between the two, passes through the northeast corner of Wyoming between Montana and South Dakota. Email agent. Montana has many mountains in the western half of the state. The state provides epic scenery, crowd-free terrain, a burgeoning food and drink scene, and some of Americas most breathtakingly stunning national parks. [183], Collectively all of these areas (excluding Havre) are known informally as the "big seven", as they are consistently the seven largest communities in the state (their rank order in terms of population is Billings, Missoula, Great Falls, Bozeman, Butte, Helena and Kalispell, according to the 2010 U.S. No towns are precisely antipodal to Kerguelen, though Chester and Rudyard are close. They are not term-limited. In December 1959, Malmstrom AFB was selected as the home of the new Minuteman I intercontinental ballistic missile. Image: pxfuel 1. On January 20, 1954, 70F or 56.7C was recorded at a gold mining camp near Rogers Pass. It has a single judge, appointed by the governor. Our university's continued excellence is reliant on the generosity of alumni, friends, parents, faculty and staff. Montana and Canada share a 545-mile part of the worlds longest undefended (which means there are no soldiers or armies on either side) border. [310], The 1972 constitution has been amended 31 times as of 2015. [18] In the 1850s, settlers began moving into the Beaverhead and Big Hole valleys from the Oregon Trail and into the Clark's Fork valley.[19]. In May 2006, then-Governor Brian Schweitzer posthumously issued full pardons for all those convicted of violating the Montana Sedition Act. Youth Courts have jurisdiction over misdemeanor and felony acts committed by those charged as a juvenile under the law. [202], While the largest European-American population in Montana is German (which may also include Austrian and Swiss, among other groups), pockets of significant Scandinavian ancestry are prevalent in some of the farming-dominated northern and eastern prairie regions, parallel to nearby regions of North Dakota and Minnesota. 2022 Alpine Motel 909 West Yellowstone, MT 2022 Garden Wall Inn 350 Whitefish, MT 2022 SpringHill Suites by Marriott Bozeman 485 Bozeman, MT from $173/night 2022 Yellowstone Riverside Cottages 386 Gardiner, MT from $107/night 2022 Country Inn & Suites By Radisson 489 [313], The 1972 constitution requires that voters determine every 20 years whether to hold a new constitutional convention. The capital moved to Virginia City in 1865 and to Helena in 1875. [316] It is an equitable distribution and no-fault divorce state. Montana contains Glacier National Park, "The Crown of the Continent", and parts of Yellowstone National Park, including three of the park's five entrances. Montana's fastest-growing sector is tourism, with 12.6 million tourists (as of 2019) visiting the state each year. There are also nine other statewide elected offices in the executive branch: Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, Secretary of State, State Auditor (who also serves as Commissioner of Securities and Insurance), and Superintendent of Public Instruction. [116], The Hell Creek Formation in Northeast Montana is a major source of dinosaur fossils. This is a broad outline history of the state of Montana in the United States . [139] Through the Missouri, these rivers ultimately join the Mississippi River and flow into the Gulf of Mexico.[140]. Most of the eastern part of the state is prairie. [131] The Missouri enters North Dakota near Fort Union,[132] having drained more than half the land area of Montana (82,000 square miles (210,000km2)). The geographic center of population of Montana is in sparsely populated Meagher County, in the town of White Sulphur Springs. Montana did not see a large influx of immigrants from this act because 160 acres were usually insufficient to support a family in the arid territory. Many well-known artists, photographers and authors have documented the land, culture and people of Montana in the last 130 years. [28] By 1884, commercial hunting had brought bison to the verge of extinction; only about 325 bison remained in the entire United States. [11] When Ashley presented a bill to establish a temporary government in 1864 for a new territory to be carved out of Idaho, he again chose Montana Territory. [62] In combination, these laws criminalized criticism of the U.S. government, military, or symbols through speech or other means. Tracks of the Great Northern Railroad (GNR) reached eastern Montana in 1887 and when they reached the northern Rocky Mountains in 1890, the GNR became a significant promoter of tourism to Glacier National Park region. [130] From this point, it then flows generally east through fairly flat agricultural land and the Missouri Breaks to Fort Peck reservoir. However, farmers faced a number of problems. [60] Montana's Remount station in Miles City provided 10,000 cavalry horses for the war, more than any other Army post in the country. Eastern Montana comprises plains and badlands, broken by hills and isolated mountain ranges, and has a semi-arid, continental climate (Kppen climate classification BSk). The coldest month varies between December and January depending on location, although figures are similar throughout. Beginning in 1909, these elections became nonpartisan. March 2 March 4, 2023. 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