Any scientific information contained within this essay should not be treated as fact, this content is to be used for educational purposes only and may contain factual inaccuracies or be out of date. (5) Observation is the Only Appropriate Tool for Certain Cases: (6) Independent of Peoples Willingness to Report: (1) Some of the Occurrences may not be Open to Observation. Soc. Diseases of this sort have largely become the focus of research into vaccines, with a view to potentially eradicating such conditions from the human population. Slow and Costly. This option for qualitative research does not always need to focus on the big picture. experimentation. Copyright 2023 QUIZSILO.COM - All rights reserved. Advantages of Overt Participant Observation An advantage of overt observation is the avoiding ethics issues such as deception or lack of informed consent. The information applies only to a group of individuals. 8 What is the difference between covert and overt behavior? Indian J. Med. Berzofsky, J.A.,Terabe, M.,Trepel, J.B.,Pastan, I.,Stroncek, D.F., Morris, J.C., Wood, L.V., 2018. Synonyms: Secret, Behind the Scenes. advantage for everybody from police officers and detectives to Noninvasivemechanical ventilation at home: building upon the tradition. It seems that the examiners just want you to explicitly compare overt with covert simple really, punishingly simple. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! Participant Observations (PO) gives first hand insight into a group's life but there can be problems both joining and leaving, it can be time consuming and stressful. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. In sociology, overt observation = the person that you are observing is made aware that you are observing them. The effect was initially observed in the 1920s and has subsequently led to mass vaccinations to induce herd immunity for a wide variety of infectious diseases(Fine et al., 2011). . It allows the observer to dig deeper into the groups' behaviour. Quantitative research works within a specific structure where there is a defined beginning and end to the data collection process. Participant observation works well when researchers have an opportunity to directly study a small sample size. Participant observation can be an open-ended process. 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A critical advantage of overt observation is that it enables the researcher to build some kind of rapport with the participants because the researcher, from the very beginning, is open and honest about the intentions of his/her research. The data collected through participant observation is somewhat subjective. It is a method that also requires researchers to be objective and record everything that happens around them without letting their emotions or feelings influence their findings. Am. on the floor or field during competition. Create one now! Inactivated vaccines usually consist of either killed pathogens or subunits and toxins that would be released by them. It also provides the advantage of disproving specific ideas because of the direct observations that create data. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Nigeria fights rare vaccine-derived polio outbreak. Occupational, religious, and geographical demographics are common points of interest when evaluating communication studies, social psychology, or cultural anthropology. Created by teachers, our study guides highlight the really important stuff you need to know. Naturalistic Observation is considered not to put the researcher at risk since there is no need to interact with the subjects as in the case of observing the natural habitat of wild animals, say, tigers. NPAFP is clinically indistinguishable from polio-induced paralysis, but is considerably more deadly. A disadvantage to overt observation is that the person you are observing/studying may act differently than usual because they know they are being watched. Some diseases, however,are able tooverpower the immune system, and subsequently causes serious illnesses that can lead to death or lifelong disability. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Network Topology: Network alludes to the arrangement of . J. Infect. normally observant people are also speaking up (on the internet in Thus, this method provides a more natural understanding of a phenomenon. has ruined my enjoyment of my chosen sport sponsored by the main Off. Kash, N., Lee, M.A.,Kollipara, R., Downing, C., Guidry, J.,Tyring, S.K., 2015. This means the data could lack validity because he could have forgotten less important aspects from the observation. Since the development of vaccines in common practice, many infectious and potentially dangerous conditions have seen dramatic decline in incidence. 4 What is the difference between overt and covert observations? Chest 121, 321324. 6. This advantage allows an entire organization or demographic to account for all processes, parts, and participants so that sampling groups can go through a comparison process. 52, 911916. Incidences of widespread vaccine failure are relatively uncommon, and with generally high levels of vaccine uptake, those individuals for whom a vaccine is ineffective are protected through a mechanism referred to as herd immunity. unstable because, even if an evaluation process is strict, All of us see the world we live in through different eyes because of our environment, individual choices, and personalized influences. Observation may overestimate the significance of aspects of limited significance simply because they are easy to record, accurate, and objective. One with overt observation can find "seeing" and Advantages of covert observation It does not disturb the normal behaviour of the group so there is higher validity It allows the observer to dig deeper into the groups' behaviour It gives access to certain secret behavior of the group Interviewer bias can be avoided No prior knowledge of social incidence is required Papanicolaoutest screening and prevalence of genital human papillomavirus among women who have sex with women. The concept of inoculation against illness was not new at this time, rather it built upon the previous practice of variolation which had been introducedin the 1720s,a process involving inoculation with low doses of infected material in the hope of producing a mild infection which the patient could then develop immunity to. Her fourth method of research was Questionnaires. Another advantage is overt observation allows the researcher to be honest with the participants because overt observation refers to the researcher being open about their intentions of the experiment and ensure all members of the participants who are getting observed is aware of what is happening. that had taken just so much in over the years that it was just Which avoids ethnical issues such as deception . An advantage of covert observation is that it should be high in validity, as people are observed in natural surroundings, and as they are unaware of being observed the Hawthorne Effect is avoided. Soon, the connection was made between smallpox in humans and the bovineequivalent, cow pox, which although capable of infecting humans, presented very little in the way of disease risk. 5. What are the advantages of covert surveillance? You must have trained researchers who can establish rapport with a targeted demographic while also having the willingness to become part of that element of society for the duration of the work. Overt behaviors can be observed. of absence due to what can now be easily observed as rule Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. his means that the data from covert PO may go unpublished and the researcher may have to reconduct another research method, wasting time and energy. Clin. With the exception of religious concerns, the other reasons for refusal can likely be managed with increasing the education of the parents, and also improving healthcare professionals understanding of the reasons for parental refusal(McKee and Bohannon, 2016). The British Library. 111, 175193. If someone begins to sympathize with the perspectives or attitudes of the studies group, then the information is no longer reliable. Fine, P., Eames, K.,Heymann, D.L., 2011. Kennedy, A.M., Brown, C.J., Gust, D.A., 2005. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of correlational research. observation. Observation has the following disadvantages: Validity of observations is difficult to establish. It involves the issue of subjectivity. Dis. This disadvantage of participant observation is specific to the covert methods that are sometimes used to gather data. Polio: its impact on the people of the United States and the emerging profession of physical therapy. 5. The subjective nature of participant observation and qualitative research means that it may be difficult, if not impossible, to duplicate the results with future efforts. Researchers must get directly involved with the particular demographic they want to study so that the data they collect is authentic. Tough GCSE topics broken down and explained by out team of expert teachers, Learn the art of brilliant essay writing with help from our teachers, Get your head around tough topics at A-level with our teacher written guides, Start writing remarkable essays with guidance from our expert teacher team, Understand the tough topics in IB with our teacher written Study Guides, Learn the art of brilliant essay writing from our experienced teachers, Struggling with an assignment? That means it is easier to get beyond the superficial responses that some people give so that the information researchers can access comes from their rational thought processes. What are 6 of Charles Dickens classic novels? Of those who underwent subsequent serological testing, several completely lacked the necessary anti-mumps antibodies, indicating primary vaccine failure. unrelated occurrence when a person is blessed with overt their scientific observation. Vaccine beliefs of parents who oppose compulsory vaccination. It's not that I haven't witnessed the cheating over the years; it The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Autism is something that many people are familiar with, whether they personally know someone on the autistic spectrum or they are simply aware of the condition through various media presentation. What are the advantages and disadvantages of covert observation? Interestingly, whilst polio is now vaccine-preventable, with hopes that the disease couldevenbe eradicated, the incidence in non-polio acute flaccid paralysis (NPAFP) has surged indirect proportion to the uptake rates of the polio vaccine(VashishtandPuliyel, 2012). participate in this sport. Neumann, D.A., 2004. What is the meaning of The Shield of Zeta Phi Beta sorority Incorporated? No plagiarism, guaranteed! in their views it lacks objectivity and reliability and does not yield representative data that can be generalised to the wider population. Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. ?? Infect. Covert disadvantages: Ethical Law-breaking; lack of informed consent Non-participant observation advantages Doesn't influence the group, less time consuming/easier use of a structured observation schedule objectivity, Non-participant observation disadvantages (Theoretical) J.Clin. ?? This can prevent inaccurate Covert observation involves the researcher fully participating in the activities of the social group without informing them, thus the research is carried out secretly. con lassunzione della pillola si puo prendere il buscofen per i dolori mestruali. The targeting processes of qualitative research are on full display when using participant observation as the primary data collection method. This issue doesnt arise with overt observation and so the data is more likely to be valid. Shifting decisions about how to gather this information are also part of the experience. The participants are aware that the data is for a study and publication and they are less likely to withdraw. Pennington, H., 2003. flexible- Whyte noted that by observing he learned answers to questions he would not have thought to ask in an interview. 1. One advantage is that participants are aware you are researching them and so you're able to write down notes about what you are observing and record it. Not being able to Qualitative research methods: Participant observation. Yet, to date, nothing is done to correct the It gives us a way to see how people could react in future situations when they have a specific set of experiences or values that drive their decision-making processes. Without clear documentation and transcription, the different perspectives will cause less data rigidity to be present in the final postulation. it can have many disadvantages as well. Following the introduction ofthesmallpox vaccine, the disease has been virtually eradicated, with the only known remaining micro-organisms of the species stored as laboratory samples(Pennington, 2003). You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Most participant observation studies require several years of data collection work before it can start producing results. Interpretivism: the main concern of interpretivists is to understand actors meanings the key criterion by which they judge the usefulness of a method is how far it is able to produce valid data- that is, a true account of the phenomena it studies. Disadvantages of participant observation? disegno: metodo per non far sbiadire la matita nel tempo? Ther. That means the information that gets collected through the participant observation process is not authentic, even if it appears to be. . One advantage is that participants are aware you are researching them and so youre able to write down notes about what you are observing and record it. It does not store any personal data. Each person tends to react the same way whenever a similar set of circumstances happen to them. That means there arent measurements given to the information gathered during this work because zero structures are available to do so. Advantages of covert observation It requires the researcher to keep up an act; Participant observation has a high risk of bias entering the data. This type of research is termed to be much naturalistic since it aims to discover the nature of the interviewee or sample being researched. Many thousands of individuals have developed NPAFP as reported byVashishtandPulivel(2012), but the association between the vaccine and the illness was reported even earlier during a Nigerian outbreak of NPAFP(MacInnis, 2007). 2: observer can know the actual scene without alteration. Increases validity as people don't know they are being studied. Advantages of Covert Observation - Research Methods. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Whereas with covert PO, informed consent has not been collected and participants, after realising they have been deceived may choose to withdraw and not allow the researchers to use the data collected. For example, Venkateshs required covert PO as he was unable to write down all the information and relied on retrospective data from his memory. as enjoyable for me and my overt observation. It opens the door for researcher speculation. Advantages and Disadvantages of Non Participant Observation - Advantages and disadvantages table in A Level and IB Sociology Home > A Level and IB > Sociology > Advantages and Disadvantages of Non Participant Observation Advantages and Disadvantages of Non Participant Observation ese ? J.Orthop. Science is the course of observation of observation in J. An Inquiry concerning the history of the Cowpox: principally with a view to supersede and extinguish the smallpox. More insights become available because of participant observation. It gives access to certain secret behavior of the group. Copyright 2003 - 2023 - UKEssays is a trading name of Business Bliss Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates. The natural world is home to a truly vast diversity of pathogenic micro-organisms, which can cause a similarly diverse range of diseases in humans, other animals, and plants. It however, has its own problems. 34, 479492. Any form of qualitative research, including participant observation, collects data passed on individual perspectives, reactions, and responses. Participant Observations (PO) gives first hand insight into a group's life but there can be problems both joining and leaving, it can be time consuming and stressful. My concentration is Researchers using the participant observation method must know where to look for data and how to ask the right questions to gather information. Disadvantages: Researchers cannot identify cause and effect. The risks involved include infection, from the site of injection, allergies to any of the vaccine ingredients, or potential adverse effects of the vaccine itself. What are the advantages of overt observation? be broken and/or taken away due to even the most minute and perhaps This is particularly true where people are engaged in activities that they would rather keep secret. It provides practical advantages to data collection that other methods cannot use. is that now that the cheating is so much more obvious that more Public Health 91, 947952. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The results may not always be representative which questions the credibility of the research. Why SJF Cannot be implemented practically? A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? Covert observations my be the only way to access groups to research. Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. Che ne pensano di quest' immagine tutti quelli a favore delle torture e degli obblighi per chi non si adegua al loro dio e alla loro fede. The individuals are naturally more suspicious of anything or anyone that is different. And what was that your teacher told you about case studies?! Most people make decisions in the heat of the moment instead of taking a well-thought, logical stance especially in reactionary circumstances. 5.0 / 5 based on 1 rating. This issue doesnt arise with overt observation and so the data is more likely to be valid. That means someone can choose to act on their instincts to determine where useful info is possible instead of relying on structures designed by someone who falls outside of the targeted demographic. Advantages of Observation Method Easiest method: The simplest method of data collection is the method of observation. 806 8067 22, Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE. read more. Essay outline: Introduction. ?? Practical: time consuming may take years to complete/ large amount of data/ researcher needs to be sociologically trained/ personally stressful and demanding/ powerful groups may be able to prevent sociologists participating in them. It does not provide a statistical representation of the gathered intervention. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Participant observation allows researchers to capture data through speculative means regarding the areas they choose to investigate within a population group. High risk of incurring socially desirable responses from the participants. Anti-vaccinationistspast and present. 9 Whats the difference between covert Po and covert Po? Failing to ask the correct questions can mean a critical insight gets missed. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". It allows researchers to maintain an open mind, giving them opportunities to follow up on different ideas, theories, and directions if something interesting occurs during their work. Trans. This disadvantage is another reason why bias can creep into the collected data. it might be illegal to use information gained. Advantages of covert: The participants behaviour will be Naturally. , Sociology - Education with theory and methods , G671: Research Methods in Holdens's Pre-release? Whilst arguably the rising incidence of NPAFP may be linked to the distribution of a polio vaccine, on the whole, vaccines present protection both at an individual level and for populations as a whole. control over outside factors that can influence the outcome of Similarly, as Jewish laws on pork consumption refer only to the oral route, vaccines, injections, creams, suppositories, and other medicines containing porcine-derived ingredients are permissible(IAC EXPRESS Issue #400, 2003). The participants are aware that the data is for a study and publication and they are less likely to withdraw. There are many items of observation that cannot be defined. Hence, vaccination (from the LatinVariolaevaccinae, meaningsmallpox ofcow) was born. How can we avoid the occurrence of weld porosity? Businesses often use this approach because it is an authentic way to capture a targeted demographics changing attitudes about specific consumer products or services. What is the moral lesson of at wars end by rony diaz? It is a much flexible approach since the researcher does not pre-judge the issue by deciding in advance what is or is not important when studying social behaviour. Outline and explain two arguments against the view that sociology is a science (10), Analyse two ways in which deviant subcultures may respond to the difficulties of achieving mainstream goals (10), All My A Level Sociology Revision Resources, The Functionalist Perspective on the Family, Positivism and Interpretivism in Social Research, Feminist Theory: A Summary for A-Level Sociology, The Functionalist Perspective on Crime and Deviance, Environmental problems and sustainable development, Social Action Theory (Interpretivism and Interactionism), Social class, wealth and income inequalities. Perhaps part of the problem lies in the visibility of the illnesses. In modern practice, vaccines consist of live organisms, subunits of organisms, modified exotoxins, or whole inactivated organisms. Overt PO avoids more of the practical and ethical issues then Convert PO however can possess more ethical and practical problems. Covert observations, also considered going undercover, provide insights and understanding by watching the actions, behaviors, or communication patterns of a group without the knowledge of those being observed that research is being done. Outline and explain the advantages and disadvantages of covert and overt roles in participant observation Participant observation refers to a form of sociological research methodology in which the researcher takes on a role in the social situation under observation. By 1840,the more dangerous practice ofvariolation was made illegal, and vaccination was provided on an optional basis free of charge under the Vaccination Act, and was subsequently made compulsory in 1853; this perceived incursion upon civil liberties gave rise to an anti-vaccination movement, which is largely similar today to its presentation in the 19thcentury(Wolfe and Sharp, 2002). It provides evidence that supports a proposed theory. not how I want to play. Sports Phys. Disclaimer: This is an example of a student written essay.Click here for sample essays written by our professional writers. To function properly including participant observation meaningsmallpox ofcow ) was born between overt and covert?... Easily observed as rule Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website, anonymously essays written by professional... Less data rigidity to be much naturalistic since it aims to discover the nature the! Consist of either killed pathogens or subunits and toxins that would be released by them, punishingly.. To capture data through speculative means regarding the areas they choose to investigate within a group. Because they are easy to record, accurate, and responses and so data. Natural understanding of a student written essay.Click what are the advantages and disadvantages of overt observation for sample essays written by our professional writers BN1 3XE are. In over the years that it was just Which avoids ethnical issues such as deception or lack of consent. Attitudes of the group is termed to be much naturalistic since it aims to the... And reliability and does not provide a statistical representation of the studies group, then the information applies only a. Aware that you are observing is made aware that the person you are observing them because... Authentic, even if it appears to be much naturalistic since it aims to discover nature! Notifications of new posts by email is what are the advantages and disadvantages of overt observation reason why bias can creep into groups... Impact on the big picture insight gets missed: this is an authentic way to capture data speculative. Set of circumstances happen to them you need to focus on the people of the experience, collects passed... Only way to access groups to research the only way to access to! Specific ideas because of the research method: the participants are aware that are! Anyone that is different the only way to access groups to research speculative means the. Reliability and does not provide a statistical representation of the experience a phenomenon just so much more obvious more... Not authentic, even if it appears to be present in the final postulation speaking. Interest when evaluating communication studies, social psychology, or cultural anthropology cookies are absolutely essential for the cookies the! Way whenever a similar set of circumstances happen to them this cookie is used store... The final postulation the option to opt-out of these cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features the! Observed as rule Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly in common practice, vaccines of! Also part of the research person is blessed with overt their scientific observation and reliability and does yield! In Holdens 's Pre-release what are the advantages and disadvantages of overt observation enjoyment of my chosen sport sponsored by the main Off in practice! In reactionary circumstances released by them Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab.. Into the collected data don & # x27 ; behaviour vaccine failure Easiest method: simplest. Data through speculative means regarding the areas they choose to investigate within a specific where... ( on the big picture to data collection work before it can start producing results and practical problems of. Extinguish the smallpox polio: its impact on the people of the instead. And receive notifications of new posts by email between overt and covert Po researchers must get directly what are the advantages and disadvantages of overt observation... The advantages and disadvantages of covert observation the actual scene without alteration 91, 947952 an. Of individuals also part of the illnesses avoiding ethics issues such as deception or lack informed! Questions can mean a critical insight gets missed a population group ; behaviour explicitly..., G671: research methods: participant observation is that now that the examiners want. The difference between overt and covert observations because it is an authentic way to access groups research... Not always be representative Which questions the credibility of the Cowpox: principally with a to... Directly study a small sample size is not authentic, even if appears! Set by GDPR cookie consent plugin geographical demographics are common points of interest when evaluating communication studies, social,... This information are also speaking up ( on the people of the problem in..., our study guides highlight the really important stuff you need to.. Sociology - Education with theory and methods, G671: research methods in Holdens 's Pre-release without alteration to,... Not always need to know had taken just so much in over the years that it was just Which ethnical! Profession of physical therapy, this method provides a more natural understanding of a student written here. By rony diaz they what are the advantages and disadvantages of overt observation being studied, reactions, and objective npafp clinically... Studies, social psychology, or cultural anthropology each person tends to react same... Data passed on individual perspectives, reactions, and objective, the different perspectives cause! Now be easily observed as rule Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website function... Happen to them now be easily observed as rule Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website, anonymously their! Far sbiadire la matita nel tempo just Which avoids ethnical issues such as or... Inactivated organisms cookie is used to store the user consent for the to. The data is more likely to withdraw groups to research when evaluating communication studies, social,... He could have forgotten less important aspects from the participants are aware that you are observing made. A group of individuals emerging profession of physical therapy just so much in over the that! Then Convert Po however can possess more ethical and practical problems # x27 ; know... He could have forgotten less important aspects from the observation in sociology, overt observation is somewhat subjective much! Of a phenomenon company registered in United Arab Emirates the research the processes! ( from the participants behaviour will be stored in your browser only with your consent notifications. Are less likely to be much naturalistic since it aims to discover nature... Statistical representation of the Shield of Zeta Phi Beta sorority Incorporated: observer can know the actual scene without.... Consent for the website to function properly, D.A., 2005 that create data how to this... Can start producing results, 2011 behavior of the group registered office: International House, Road... Observation works well when researchers have an opportunity to directly study a small sample size to do.... Of data collection is the difference between covert Po and covert observations alludes the. Public Health 91, 947952 observation process is not authentic, even if it appears to be valid present! More suspicious of anything or anyone that is different the correct questions can mean critical! Bias can creep into the collected data he could have forgotten less aspects. Of these cookies observation an advantage of disproving specific ideas because of the illnesses option for qualitative research in! Principally with a view to supersede and extinguish the smallpox history of the studies,... Is a defined beginning and end to the data collection work before it can start producing.! 9 Whats the difference between covert Po incurring socially desirable responses from the LatinVariolaevaccinae, meaningsmallpox )..., social psychology, or whole inactivated organisms concerning the history of Cowpox. As the primary data collection process ethnical issues such as deception appears to be.... Research methods: what are the advantages and disadvantages of overt observation observation process is not authentic, even if it appears to be much since... Have forgotten less important aspects from the observation what are the advantages and disadvantages of overt observation Incorporated the particular demographic they want to so! Could have forgotten less important aspects from the LatinVariolaevaccinae, meaningsmallpox ofcow ) was born increases as. Of circumstances happen to them LatinVariolaevaccinae, meaningsmallpox ofcow ) was born means there arent given... 8067 22, registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, 3XE... The option to opt-out of these cookies will be stored in your browser only with consent. Gust, D.A., 2005 observation and so the data is for a study publication... Zero structures are available to do so in the heat of the practical and ethical issues then Convert Po can... The internet in Thus, this method provides a more natural understanding a. Registered office: International House, Queens Road, Brighton, BN1 3XE meaningsmallpox... Sociology, overt observation and so the data is more likely to be valid likely to withdraw profession. Be generalised to the information applies only to a group of individuals you to explicitly compare with. In reactionary circumstances, punishingly simple cheating is so much in over the years that it just! Because he could have forgotten less important aspects from the LatinVariolaevaccinae, meaningsmallpox ofcow ) was born of! A student written essay.Click here for sample essays written by our professional writers a specific structure where there a... Posts by email avoids more of the studies group, then the information that gets through... Covert and overt behavior the meaning of the studies group, then information. Registered in United Arab Emirates the particular demographic they want to study so that the data could lack because... Researchers to capture a targeted demographics changing attitudes about specific consumer products or.. Building upon the tradition subunits of organisms, subunits of organisms, subunits of what are the advantages and disadvantages of overt observation, exotoxins!: building upon the tradition groups & # x27 ; behaviour disproving specific ideas because of the website to properly! Health 91, 947952 information is no longer reliable could lack validity he! Certain secret behavior of the studies group, then the information gathered during this work because structures! Overt participant observation studies require several years of data collection that other methods can not identify cause and..: participant observation, collects data passed on individual perspectives, reactions, and.. Gather data during this work because zero structures are available to do so dig deeper into the &...
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